Cannabis
I-Cannabis luhlobo lwesityalo olusuka kusapho lwecannabacee equlethe imithi, amatyholo kunye namathumbu amancinci. Inamaqobelo athile ezotywe ukusa kwiichiza nerozi. Isityalo se-cannabis sisetyenziswe ngabantu ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo ukususela ekuseni kwembali, ukususela kwimveliso yefiber yodwa ukuya kumayeza e-oli kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezenkolo nezomsitho. Izityalo ze-cannabis zivelisa izinto ezintathu eziphambili zezi: cannabinoids, i-terpenes kunye ne-flavonoids. Ukusetyenziswa kwezi zinto kukhuthaza ifuthe kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba emzimbeni womntu kwaye ingabangela isiphumo sengqondo.
Hemp
I Hemp ligama elihlanganisiweyo loxinzelelo lweentlobo ntlobo ze cannabis olusetyenziswe kwiimfuno zoshishino ezinje ngemvelisoiphepha, ilaphu, irabha, iintambo, iintsinga kwakunye nezongezelelo ezithandwayo zokutya. Ukusebenzisa kwabo akukhuthaziisi isiphumo sengqondo esibe negalelo lokusebenza kwabo kwilizwe lonke. Ukusetyenziswa yokuqala kwe-hemp kwiinjongo zoshishino zenzeka amawaka eminyaka BC E-China. Ukubaluleka kwalo likhule kwishishini ukusukela ngoko ngemimangaliso, kwaye namhlanje abantu bavelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo kuyo, kuquka ukutya, iimpahla, izithambiso kunye makeup.
Batya
Iintsinga ze-Cannabis zahlulwe zangamaqela amane, Sativa, India, Hybrid Kunye Nerodralis, nangona emva kweenkulungwane zokuzalisa cross - akukho nyaniso kwezenzululwazi kweli candelo namhlanje. I-Cannabis Sativa ligama elisemthethweni lokunikwa isityalo se-cannabis odumileyo se-Carolus Linnaeus ngo-1753. Isebeisatimum ithetha ukuba "iphakame", kodwa kwixesha eli gama lisuke laba yinkcazelo jikelele ye cannabis yoxinzelelo oluphezulu nolunolwesimo sengqondo okanye isiphumo sengqondo esinamandla.
Xa Ucarolus Linnaeus ebizwa cannabis "cannabis sativa", izityalo wazivavanya zinde (phezu kwemitha nesiqingatha), ngezikhondo ezinde kunye nomoya kunye nentsika. Impembelelo yengqondo yabo yayiphakamisayo kwaye inamandla. Izityalo ezazivavanywa Ilinnaeus zazivela Kumzantsi Melika, kodwa cannabis zakhula kulo lonke ihlabathi ngenxa yesakhiwo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye neziphumo ezahlukileyo zengqondo, abanye bade bawatshonise, behle kwaye babe analgesic. Ezi ntlobo ngeentlobo zathiywa igama elithi "Cannabis Indica".
Anje
I Cannabis strains zahlulwezibe ngamaqela amane-Sativa, Indica, Hybrid Kunye Rodralis, nangona emva kweenkulungwane zokuzalisa cross - akukho nyaniso kwezenzululwazi kweli candelo namhlanje. I-Cannabis Ibonisa-isiteketiso esinikwe yi-botanist yamafrentshi Ukuphawula kwi-1785 yeentlobo ze-cannabis eziphantsi, isakhiwo esishushu, amagqabi aqolileyo, amagqabi abanzi kunye ne-drowa, ukuthambisa, impembelelo embi kunye ne-analgesic. Isiqhulo "Sesiteketiso" sizakufanisa imvelaphi yegeografi yeentlobo-India, Afghanistan, Epakistan Nasempuma Asia. De izahlulo Zika Lamarck, zonke izityalo zikan cannabis kwihlabathi zathathwa yi "cannabis sativa" ngabaqhankqalazi.
Strimvelis
Iintsinga ze-Cannabis zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amane-Usativa, India, Hybrid Kunye Nerodralis, nangona emva kweenkulungwane zokuzalisa cross-akukho nyaniso kwezenzululwazi kule ntoulwahlulo namhlanje. I-Cannabis hybrid sisiteketiso esichaza ukutsaleka okuveliswe ngenxa yokunqumla kwamaqela, okudla ngokuba phakathi Kwesativa Ne-India. I-Cannabis Sativa, Ibonisa Kunye Ne-Ruderalis ekuqaleni yayinempahla ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwengqondo, uncedo lwezonyango, isakhiwo, ubume bokukhula kunye neentyatyambo.
Abalimi nabaphuhlisi boxinzelelo loxinzelelo namhlanje bazama ukukrazula iimpawu ezisengqondweni kwinani leentlobo-ntlobo ukuze zivelise iimveliso eziphezulu ezingezizo i-polar kakhulu. Umzekelo, i-hybrid phakathi Kwe-India Ne-Satava inokuvelisa uxinzelelo olungamandla okanye lwe-anesthetize kakhulu, kwaye ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanayo, kuzinzile kwaye kukhululekile yonke imihla.
Ukongeza, iinkampani ezinkulu zenkanunu necanabis nababhekisi phambili boxinzelelo banomdla ekuphumezeni ubunzima kwaye banzimabloom eza kube lula ukusebenza kwaye encomekayo ngexesha yokuthengiswa xa kuthelekiswa nomoya, budfly egungxulwayo zizele amaphepha. Ziyakwazi ukufumana oku kwinani loxinzelelo loxinzelelo kodwa ngaxeshanye zifuna impembelelo yengqondo energysychoactive exhaphakileyo ingakumbi ekuxinzelelo Lwe-Sativa. Xa zifuna ukuqaqamba zonke ezi ntlobo Ze-Rodralis, xa zifuna ukuqulunqa umkhiqizo oza kuzivulela. I-Hybridization kunye nokubek'esweni kweempawu ezifunekayo yenza iintlobo ze-hybrid ezithatha uncedo lwawo onke amazwe.
Ruderalisname
Iintsinga ze-Cannabis zahlulwe zangamaqela amane, Sativa, India, Hybrid Kunye Nerodralis, nangona emva kweenkulungwane zokuzalisa cross - akukho nyaniso kwezenzululwazi kweli candelo namhlanje. I Cannabis Ruderalis (isilawuli se Cannabis)i-cannabis engaphantsi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cannabis eyavela kakhulu erashiya yaze yafunyanwa ngumqokeleli waserusski ogama Lingujaniszewki emazantsi E-Esiberia ngo-1942. Igama 'ruderalis', okanye Rudera, libhekisela kwilitye okanye iqhekeza elincinci lebronzi enokuthi isityalo singene kulo, kodwa ixesha lazo alilophawu olunika umdla weli qela leentlobo-ntlobo.
Ngokungafaniyo ne-india, i-sativa okanye i-hybrid cannabis efuna utshintsho kwizibane ukuze iqale bloom, i-cannabis ruderalis iya kuqala ukudubula kwiiveki ezine emva kokuntshula nokugqiba emva kweeveki ezisibhozo. Olu phawu lwenza kube lula kakhulu ekukhuleni ekhaya kwaye lifumene eli qela elithile leentlobo intengiso igama: Autoflowering Cannabis. Ngoko ke, iruderalis cannabis zivelisa ukudibana KWE THC phantsi xa kuthelekiswa nomphezuluRatos CBD, ngoko ke idla hybridized kunye THC - otyebileyo ukuvelisa iimveliso eyenzelwe ukunika isiphumo psychoactive.
Inkqubo ye-Endocannabinoid
Inkqubo ye-endocannabinoid yinkqubo ye-nervous elawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yomzimba womntu; Indlala kunye nesidlo, ukudinwa kunye namandla, imisebenzi yezihlunu, imisebenzi yemithambo-luvo, intlungu kunye neemvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nemeko yengqondo. Inkqubo ye-endocannabinoid yenziwe nge-receptors esasazwe kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini: iqela lokuqala LIZI-receptors ZE-CB1 ezihlanganyelwe emqolo, kwiindawo zobuchopho ezinoxanduva lokuhamba, inkqubo yokugaya, iindawo zokuvelisa kunye neeseli zezihlunu. Iqela lesibini NGU-CB2 receptors ezikiswe kwisikhondo esisesiswinikugxininiswa kumajoni omzimba. Ezi receptors ziphendula intshukumo cannabinoids okanye i-endocannabinoids edlula kuzo, ngalawula imisebenzi yethu yomzimba.
Nyani-janker
I-Endo-cannabinoids yimbumba ye-organic eyenza umzimba uvelise ngokuzimeleyo ukwenza ama-receptors e-cannabinoid aphele kuyo. I-Endo-cannabinoids yachazwa kuqala Ngunjingalwazi Uraphael Meshulam emva kokuhlukanisa I-THC kunye ne-CBD compounds okokuqala kwimbali. Ukufunyanwa kwe-cannabinoids kuyingqayizivele kwisityalo se-cannabis kunye ne-hypothesis yesityalo phakathi kwazo kunye nempembelelo yesityalo emzimbeni womntu kwakhokelela ekubeni kugqitywe kwaloo mzimba womntu uvelisa izinto ezifanayo nale - kwaye kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesihlanu emva koko wafumanisa ezimbini kwezoindlela.
Ukuhlanzwa kwentambo
I-Cannabinoids zizinto ezikhethekileyo ze-organic ezibophelelayo kuma-receptors ahlukeneyo kwinkqubo ye-endocannabinoid. I-Cannabinoids yahlulwe yifyto - cannabinoids eziveliswa zizityalo - ikakhulu cannabis ne-hemp kunye ne-endo-cannabinoids eziveliswa ngokwendalo emzimbeni womntu. I-cannabinoids yaqala ukufunyanwa Ngunjingalwazi Uraphael Meshulam Kwiyunivesithi Yaseyerusalem ngowe-1963, xa kwabekwa ukuphalaza izithako ezisebenzayo kwisityalo se-cannabis okokuqala kwimbali. Kuphononongo olunye, Unjingalwazi Meshulam wafumanisa I-THC NE - CBD-cannabinoids eziqhelekileyo kwisityalo se-cannabis, kwaye oku kwafunyaniswa ukuba kungasis isiseko sophando lwe-cannabis lwangoku.
ULWESINE
KWIK chrum chrum kwik chrum kwik:I-Tetrahydrocannabinol yaziwa kakhulu yi-cannabinoid kwisityalo se-cannabis. I-THC yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwi-cannabinoid kwisityalo, kwaye yeyona nto iphambili nefuthe lengxaki yengqondo enokuvakala emva kokutya kwenkanabis. Kwangaxeshanye, I-THC ineempawu ezininzi zamayeza; ikhupha iintlungu, iimvakalelo ezimandundu okanye ezimandundu, zikhuthaza ukutya, zicinezele ubucaphucaphu kwaye zibangela ukudinwa.
KDE
I-cbd yeyona ixhaphakileyo yecanabinoid kwizityalo ze-cannabis neyona ibalulekileyo kwizityalo zeehemp. Nangona kwafunyanwa ngo-1963 KUNYE NE-THC, uphando kwi-cannabinoids kunye nokuphuhliswa koxinzelelo LWE-CBD-izityebi ezityebileyo zaqala kuphela kwiminyaka elishumi emva kwe-2000. I-CBD ayibangeli isiphumo esibalulekileyo, kodwa inoluhlu olude lwe-medicineiimpawu ezinceda abo baneempawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zonyango. I-cbd-CBD ifunyaniswe ukuba yi-analgesic, i-anesthetic, inceda nemisebenzi yemithambo-luvo, ithintela okanye iyanciphisa iintlantsi, isifo sokuwa nomonakalo wengqondo esibangela kuyo, ukuhlaselwa okuphakuzela kwaye kuvavanywe njengendlela yokunyanga izongezo ezahlukahlukeneyo.
CBC
I-cbc okanye i-cannabichromene yenye ye-cannabinoids yesibini kwisityalo se-cannabis. Ayikhuliswanga ngezinye iinkalo kumabanga amaninzi namhlanje kodwa isenobukhosi kwiindiya zofuzo. I-CBC ayinasizathu esibalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-endocannabinoid kwaye ayinasiphumo sengqondo kodwa ithwala iipropati ezilwa nokukrala ezikhuliselwe phambi KWE-THC. Ukongeza, ICBC iyaziwa ukuba nefuthe ekudaleniI - TRPV1 receptors ekhuthaza umzimba ukuba uvelise i-endocannabinoids-i-cannabinoids yendalo eyenziwe ngumzimba womntu. I-CBC inefuthe elincedisayo kulawulo lweentlungu, ukusebenza kwengqondo, udandatheko kwaye inceda kwiimeko ze-acne.
CBNNAME
I-CBN okanye i-cannabinol iyin cannabinoid yesibini efumaneka kwimali yomkhondo kwinkanabis, ngaphandle kokuba ikhulile kakhulu okanye igcinwe kwiimeko ezingafanelekanga. Oku kungenxa YOKUBA I-THC iyophuka ngokwendalo kwi-cannabinol, njengoko iminyaka yobudala yokukhula kwe-inflorescence iyanda, ukuhlaselwa kwe-cannabinoid kwecbn. Noxa kunjalo, ngokungafani NE-THC, I-CBN ayikho i - psychoactive, kodwa ayikhululekile kwisiphumo emzimbeni womntu ngokwayo-I-CBN iyaziwa ukunyusa ukulala nokubonelela ngokulala okunamandla. Iyazinceda iintlunguukukrala nokunceda kwiimeko zentlama kunye nokunqongophala. Ngaphezulu koko-I-CBN inempawu ze-antibacterial yaye ikhawulezisa ukukhula kwamathambo. Yimbumba yokuqala ye cannabis yahluke ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye19. Ngaphantsi kwenkulungwane kamva I-CBN yayi yeyokuqala i-cannabinoid yokwakheka kwemichiza ichazwa kwaye ngowe-1940 yayiyeyokuqala ukuba yenziwe ngumntu.
NAME
I-cbg okanye i-cannabigerol sisibili sesibini efumaneka cannabis esesibili kuphela ngaphambi kweqonga lokudubula apho iguqulelwe kwisityalo kwenye i-acid cannabinoid, esi sizathu sayifumana isiqhulo "isikhondo cannabinoid". CBG kuqala wahlukaniswa ngo-1964 Nguprofeal Aloni Noprofesa Rafael Meshulam Kwasirayeli, kodwa umdla nophando lwezenzululwazikuvuka ukulandela ukufunyanwa kweziphumo ezikhuthazayo kunye nonyango lwezifo zesekondari cannabinoids. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba I-CBG ineempawu ezamkelekileyo zokujongana neengxaki zememori, izifo zamathumbu, umhlaza wamathumbu kunye nomkhondo wesisu, i-glaucoma, ukulahleka kwesidlo kunye neempawu ezimandundu ezinokuphelisa iintsholongwane ZE-MRSA.
Wentanethi
Isayensi yahlula izithako kwisityalo se-cannabis zibe ngamaqela amathathu angundoqo: cannabinoids, terpenes kunye ne-flavonoids. Isityalo ngasinye sineprofayili eyahlukileyo yeterpene, njengasesityalo ngasinye sinemihlambi eyahlukeneyo kunye nearomas. I-Terpenes ngamalungu anoxanduva lwe-aroma nemihlambi enako ukutyhileka nokusetyenziswa kwe-cannabis, kodwa zibe neempawu zonyango nezamayezaamandla okuphucula nokucutha igalelo lezempilo lenkanabis kumntu odlayo. I-terpenes ayikho kuphela kwi-cannabis kodwa kwihlabathi liphela lezityalo abantu ebesebenzisa amakhulu xa zingekho amawaka eminyaka kushishino, imichiza yezilwanyana nezilwanyana nezithambiso.
Wentanethi
I-Myrcene yeyona terpene exhaphakileyo kwisityalo se-cannabis. Kububungqina kwi-cannabis yemfuza, kanti phantse lonke uxinzelelo luvelisa imircene kwingqondo eqwalaselweyo ezinxulumene nezinye i-terpenes kwisityalo. Ezinye iindidi zivelisa iprofayili ye-terpene equka I-55% Myrcene. Iterpene ibonisa ivumba elithozamisayo elimnandi elifana namanqaku akhela isiseko sesiqhamo esikhumbuza omnye kwemango. Eneneni, I-Myrcene nayo inoxanduva lomsebenziincasa yesiqhamo setropiki. Kwangaxeshanye, I-Myrcene nayo ikwi-parsley, amahlwili kunye nezinye izityalo. I-Myrcene inamandla okuva iintlungu, ukuxhalaba nokukrala yaye ukongeza kuyanceda ITHC ukunqamleza isithintelo sengqondo ngegazi nto leyo iwaphula emzimbeni ngempumelelo.
Nyanga
I-Caryophyllene yi-terpene eqhelekileyo kwizityalo ze-cannabis kodwa iveliswe kakhulu kwiimpompo ezimnyama, i-cinnamon kunye ne-ylang. Inkoliso yemyrcene, uninzi lwee-cannabis luvelisa ingqondo ezithile ze-caryophyllene kwaye ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kubo, kodwa ukusasazwa kwayo akuphelelanga kuninzi njengaleyo-Myrcene. Icaryophyllene inika ivumba elingagungqiyo lomhlaba lomthi okhumbuza ipepile emnyama kunye nokunambitheka kwayoimnandi kodwa iqulethe amaphetshana e-pingent. I-Caryophyllene ifunyaniswe ukuba neempawu ezilwa nokukrala, iziphumo z analgesic kunye nenzuzo yonyango kwezo zijongene namaqhuma omhlaza. Ikwanceda kwakhona ukuzinzisa amaqondo eswekile esegazini uze udambise uxinzelelo lwengqondo kunye noncedo lokujongana nohlaselo lwenkxalabo.
Limonene
I-Limonene yenye yeeterpenes eziqhelekileyo cannabis, ilamuni, ixolo zekalika kunye neentlobo ezohlukileyo zeziqhamo zecitrus-ingakumbi kwixolo zazo. Inevumba elithozamisayo lecitrus kodwa iyaziwa ngeenzuzo zayo zezempilo. I-Limonene yaziwa ngokuba neempawu ezilwa nokukrala, anti-bacteria, anti-umhlaza kwaye ikhupha iimvakalelo ezinxunguphalo. Abantu bavelisa izihlambululi, izikhulane zezidalwa, amafutha kunye neziqholo Ezivela Kwi-Limonene, kodwa kutsha nje uphando lwezonyangokwakhona yaqala ukujongana neziphumo zayo zomzimba. Eneneni, Ilimonene yeyona terpene ephandiweyo kwisityalo se-cannabis.
Iflavonoid
Iflavonoids liqela lamalungu axhaphakileyo kwizityalo kwaye luxanduva lwazo nakwiintetho ezimbala. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku isayensi sahlulwa flavonoids ezingaphezu kwe-6,000 ezahlukeneyo ngeenkcazo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi lesityalo, ezinye zazo zibonakala cannabis. I-Flavonoids ibonwa njengempawu ezilwa nokukrala kunye neempawu ze-analgesic, kwaye iingcali zenzululwazi zicacisa ukuba zinendima effective kodwa ulwazi ngoku zisekho.
L indalo
Ukukhulisa ngaphakathi ligama elibhekisela ukuvala iindawo ezikhulayo ezixhotyiswe ngetekhnoloji efanelekileyo ukuze kunikezwe isityalo efanelekileyoiimeko. Ngenxa yokukhanyisa, indawo yokungenisa nokukhupha umoya, ulawulo ukufuma kunye nolawulo lobushushu, banikela indawo enhle kakhulu yezityalo ezikhulayo, kodwa le meko ithetha indawo yokufuma kunye nevalekileyo neqondo lobushushu eliphezulu elinokwahluka kwezinambuzane. Ukugcina ifasilithi evaliweyo free of pestions kufuna ukulungiswa kwenkqubo air filtration kwakunye regime zokucoca. Kwangaxeshanye, utyalo-Mali zizibonelelo Zokuvelisa Ngaphakathi ngokuqhelekileyo kunika iimeko ezifanelekileyo leyo ethetha imveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu ngokunxulumene neemveliso ezingakhange zonwabele iimeko ezifanayo ozithandayo.
Noxa out
Izityalo zangaphandle okanye intsimi zithetha ukhathalelo lomntu olucwangcisiweyo kwisiqwenga somhlaba esibekwe esibhakabhakeni. Le indala,eyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi, neendlela ezilula zokulima, yiyo loo nto ininzi yezolimo ehlabathini yenziwe kwizityalo zamasimi. Iqhelekile ukubona amasimi ngemifuno esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukutya okanye izinto kushishino kanti namafama akhula cannabis ngale ndlela-kodwa ayikuniki ukudloliswa okufunekayo kwinkanunu yezonyango. Izityalo zasendle zishiya izityalo ezibenokonakala kumonakalo wendalo, ezonakalisayo, izilwanyana kunye nabagqithisi bomntu-onokuthintela inkqubo yokukhula.
Indlu eluhlaza
Izityalo zangaphandle okanye endle azizange zanikezela abalimi ngokukhuselwa bafuna ukubonelela ngezityalo. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo eziluhlaza sisisombululo esihle seengxaki ezahluka-hlukileyo kwaye zinika ukhuseleko oluvela kuluhlu olude lwezidalwa. Ngokomgaqo, indlu eluhlaza sisibonelelo sezolimo esitywinwecacileyo yeplastiki okanye iglasi evumela ulawulo olupheleleyo okanye olungqalileyo lwemeko kwindawo ekhulayo. Ikwadibanisa ukhuseleko lwezityalo kwizidalwa ezonakalisa izityalo kunye neemeko zemozulu embi. Izindlu zolimo ezisoloko zixhaphakile namhlanje ziyisisombululo esilungileyo sezolimo kuhlobo lwezityalo, kuqukwa ne cannabis.
Izibane ezikhulayo
Nangona izityalo zisoloko ziqhelekile ukukhanya kwelanga kwiminyaka yokugqibela yesiqingatha sezigidigidi, abanye abalimi abanelisekanga ngemitha yabo baze bafakele iinkqubo zokukhanya ezingeyoyendalo kwizindlu, iindawo ezivalekileyo ezikhulayo ngamanye amaxesha ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezifanelekileyo ezingachaphazelekanga lonyaka. Izixokelelwano zokukhanyisa zisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi; ukusuka ekwandiseni ngokufakelwa kweeyure zosuku apho izityalo zitolikwa khonakhuthaza ukukhula kuyenyuka ukugcina ubukhulu bokukhanyisa obutofotofo obutofotofo obukhanyise nemini yamafu. Kunye nempumelelo enkulu yezibane ezikhulayo, aziphumeleli ukujonga okuchanileyo amaza omoya anikezelwa lilanga kwaye afuna ixabiso elikhulu lokusebenza.
Ulawulo Pest
Xa isityalo sikhula, siphantsi kwesoyikiso ukusuka kwizilwanyana nakwizilwanyana nakwiindwendwe zabantu. Le nto ibonakala ingenakunqandwa xa ifika kwindawo evulekileyo okanye kwikhadi elivalekileyo, kodwa iyenzeka ngaphakathi evalekileyo ikhula. Ukugcina imiba engafunekiyo ukusuka kubalimi bezityalo bakhetha ukusebenzisa izifo ezonakalisa izityalo ezisebenza ngeendlela eziliqela ezahluka-hlukileyo. Ukuze kuthintelwe izinambuzane ezonakalisa izityalo, zingayigcina imo emnandi engakuyenzaukuyeka okanye ukhethe enye imeko yokukhula. Xa kunjalo, imichiza ethile yezidalwa ezonakalisa izityalo inokutshatyalaliswa okanye inokubangela umonakalo owona nambuzane uhlaselwa isityalo. Inye indlela yokukhulisa izityalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imichiza yezidalwa ezonakalisa izityalo ekwakheni indawo evalekileyo yokukhula egcina umgangatho ococekileyo ofanayo ogcinwa kwizityalo zorhwebo nakwilebhu, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iinkampani ezikhetha le ndlela.
Titshotvs
Isityalo se-cannabis sidla ngokuqokelela izinambuzane ngexesha lokulima ekufanele sitshatyalaliswe sichuleke phambi kokusetyenziswa, ingakumbi xa sisiza kwimveliso yonyango. Ilizwe ngalinye lichaza umda othile wobunyulu ofanele ukudibana nowenkanunu, kwaye ukuba awuphumeleli ukwenza oko akwenzeki ukuthengiswa. Ezi nambuzane ziquka umngundo, iintlobo ezahluka-hlukileyoudini nosuleleko olunwebeka kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu amazwe amaninzi afuna abalimi becanabis bahlambulule zonke ii-inflorescences zabo ngoncedo lweenkqubo zokosuleleka kwiintsholongwane kananjalo kuchaphazela inqanaba loshishino. Iinkqubo kwiintsholongwane ezenziwa kwimveliso cannabis ziyahluka ukusuka kwinkampani ukuya kwinkampani kunye neziphumo zabo kwimveliso zahlukene kwakunye; Abanye badla ukutshintsha concentrations of terpenes inflorescence, ezinye ukushiya ezigqithisileyo okanye ukufuma kunye namandla ezahlukeneyo.
Isichumiso
Besisoloko sixelelwa ukuba izityalo zifuna umhlaba, ukukhanya namanzi zikhula, kodwa asixelwanga ukuba kusemanzini naseminerali yomhlaba. Izityalo zifuna uluhlu lwezimbiwa ezikhula - nomhlaba apho zingasoloko zibamba isixa esifunekayo, ngakumbi xasiza kuluphakathi olukhulayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu abantu kuyo yonke imbali basebenzise iindlela ezahluka-hlukileyo zokuphucula umhlaba ubutyebisa izimbiwa, ikakhulu ngezityalo neemfihlo ezijikelezayo), umngundo wezilwanyana nezichumiso. Isichumiso yinto eyenziwa ziimbiwa kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo zezityalo ezifanele ukuthengiswa kwifomu engamanzi okanye yomgubo. Isichumiso saveliswa kwisiqingatha sokuqala seshumi elinethoba lenkulungwane saza sathandwa ngexesha lenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwaso. Endaweni yokuqhuba yonke ifama eza kuzondla umhlaba olungileyo oza kusondla isityalo, isichumiso sinikeza isondlo esichanekileyo kwibhotile ebhotile engabiziyo nelungele ukugcinwa. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumiso kusombulula iimfuno zesondlo njengoko sikhulaama-substrates angahlawulwanga (afunyanwe emhlabeni: iimbiza, iingqimba ezikhulayo, i-hydroponic, Yaseyurophu, njl.). Izichumiso zokuqala zaveliswa iinkqubo zokucokisa imichiza ezivela kwizimbiwa zendalo kunye neendawo zonke kumaziko: isichumiso samachiza okanye isichumiso seminerali, nangona inkcazelo ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nezichumiso ezivela kwizityalo, ukungcola kunye nomgquba kwizilwanyana.
Humulinname
I-Humulin yenye yeeterpenes eziqhelekileyo kwisityalo se-cannabis. Ngaphandle kwe cannabis, ukudibana okutyebileyo Kwehumulin kunokufumaneka kwiindidi ezithile zecuba, oojongilanga kunye namathemba athintela ukufana kwe aromatic phakathi kwesityalo nenkanunu. I-Humulin inevumba elisisityebi kunye nevumba elibuhlungu kunye nokuchukumisa okunencasa ekrakra, iimpawu ezikunika ukubaluleka okukhuluUkupheka kwe-Asian. Ngaphezu koncedo lwawo njengongeziweyo lwencasa nevumba, Ihumulin nayo ineempawu anti-allergenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-umhlaza. Zonke ezi mpawu zibuyiselwe zifundo zobunzululwazi. Izitshizi zomlomo ziselwayo zifunyaniswe ukuba zinezinga eliphezulu kwimpumelelo yogqabhuko lokudumba nokusebenzisa i-terpene usebenzisa i-oyile yepine ibonise ukungakuthinteli kwaye ivimbele ukuphuhliswa kweeseli zomhlaza.
Abantwana
I-Ocimene yi-terpene efunyenwe kwiintlobo ezithile zenkanunu, kodwa nakumquat, bergamot, i-parsley, i-orchid kunye nezinye izinto. I-Ocimene exuds ivumba leplanga kwaye ikhatshwa yitanki elimnandi. Nangona uvakala ehenda-isibheno salo sisebenza kakhulu ebantwini. Nangona senza amaphepha-ndaba kunyeizithambiso ukusuka terpene ixesha elide, Ocimene uneempawu nemichiza yangaphakathi. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba iintwala, uvivingane neentlobo ezahluka-hlukileyo ziyahamba ukusuka e-ocimene. Olu phawu lukhokelele kubenzi bezinambuzane bokusebenzisa iterpene kwimveliso yabo. I-Ocimene inempawu ezilwa nomngundo ezilwa nesifo seswekile, ezilwa nokukrala yaye zikhona izifundo ezibonisa ukuba unako ukuzivimbela iinguqulelo ezithile ze-Covid. I-Ocimene inceda umzimba ekujonganeni nokulwa iintlobo-ntlobo zomngundo osulelayo, kunceda ukujongana neempawu zesifo seswekile kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo lwengqondo, ukunciphisa umonakalo onokukrala kwaye nokuxhasa ukuthintela uguqulelo oluthile lwe-SARS, olunxulumene Ne-Covid.
Yexabiso
I-Nerolidol yiterpene eqhelekileyo kwisityalo se-cannabis, ei-orange blossom, jasmin, iti, ilemongrass kunye neginger. I-Nerolidol, ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yiprobiol okanye ipentrol, yiterpene yotywala neyitshisayo ephumela ivumba leplanga kunye nenqaku elimnandi, elikrakra kunye nenowuthsi ngexesha elinye. Iintlobo ezahluka - hlukileyo zezityalo zifunyenwe zigxile iingqondo ezityebileyo zeterpene ngexesha lohlaselo-lubonisa ukusebenza kwayo njengesichumiso sendalo. Ngoko ke, abantu basebenzisa i-nerolidol njenge-raw material kwimveliso yezibulala, kodwa i-terpene nayo iqhelekile njengesithako kwiintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zemveliso yokulala, abacoci kunye nezifo, amaqholo, ama-cosmetics kunye neemveliso zonyango. I-Nerolidol ifunyaniswe ukuba inakho kwezonyango ekumelaneni nezisele zomhlaza womntu, isebenza njengoncedo lokungena kwe-subcutaneousiziyobisi kwaye ibonisa uluhlu lweempawu ze-antifungal kunye ne-antibacterial, kunye ne-antioxidant kwaye ikhusela umonakalo wengqondo owenziwe zizifo ezahlukeneyo zemithambo-luvo. Eneneni i-nerolidol iye yafunyanwa inempumelelo ngokuchasene nemalaria. Ngaphezu koku, iterpene inceda izigulana ukuba zixakeke msinyane uze ulale ubuthongo ngokulula.
Bisabololname
I-Bisabolol okanye I-Levomenol yiterpene eqhelekileyo kwisityalo se-cannabis, i-chamomile, i-figwithi kunye neentlobo ezohlukeneyo zezinye zasendle. I-terpene liquid futhi utywala obungqingqwa obuwenza ubuncwane, obuthakathaka nobumnandi buvumba lokusebenzisa abantu ukuvelisa iimveliso ezintlobo zeemveliso zezithambiso. Esinye isizathu esakha Ubisabol sokusetyenziswa njengelungu ekrwada kushishino lwezimonyo kuluvo lwalo lunokuba luncedo kulusu lwabantu. Bisabololnameyaziwa ngokuba iyeza elilwa ukukrala, i-antioxidant kunye ne-antimicrobial. Ngaphezu koku, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kunceda amachiza angaphantsi kwamanzi ukuba afunxwe eluswini. Ngaphezu Koko, I-Bisabolol ikhupha izihlunu kwitract yokugaya kwaye ibhalwa ngokuba nefuthe eliza kunxunguphalo olufanayo ne-chamomile.
Ukuguqula
I-Terpinolene yi-terpene exhaphakileyo kwi-10% ye-cannabis genetics ehlabathini, kodwa inokufumaneka nase-nutmeg, iintyatyambo ze-lilac, ama-apile, i-cypress okanye imithi yepine ne-cumin. Abantu basebenzisa iterpinolene ikakhulu ekuveliseni isephu, ne-oyile kwakunye nezimonyo-uninzi lwabo lilac ivumba. Ivumba elibangela iterpene likhuni kwaye limnandi, likhunjuzwa ngepayini entsha enentyatyambo yelilac. Ecaleni kweravo yawoi-aroma emnandi yeevumba elimnandi, i-tarpen nayo ihlanganiswa ngokubulela kwiipropati zayo zezokwelapha. I-terpene inefuthe lokuthomalalisa nelokuhla, inceda ukunyanga izifo amajoni omzimba ezifana ne-Crohn kunye ne-colitis, li-antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti - umhlaza kwaye ukongeza kuyo yonke into-ikwanciphisa ubungozi bokuphathwa kwezifo zentliziyo.
Indlela Ekhulayo
Uyabazi abantu abathi ukuze khule isityalo kufuneka wena ulilanga, amanzi nasemhlabeni? Ngoko ke xelela ukuba aziphosanga-isityalo asifuni mhlaba, sidinga isiphakathi esikhulayo. Eyona nto iphakathi kwezimbiwa neyamanzi iyiyo imfuneko yesityalo neengcambu zawo. Nangona umhlaba uphakathi ukhula oluxhaphakileyo, izityalo zingachuma kumathafa aquka isyroofoam, udongwe, icoconut, irabha,uboya bamatye, amanzi acocekileyo kwakunye nomoya wedwa. Ukhetho lokusebenzisa elinye okanye elinye isiphakathi esikhulayo liza kuchaphazela iimpawu ezininzi ekulinyweni kwesityalo, kwaye ezinye iindawo zosasazo ezikhulayo zifuna ukufunda ibhayibhili yonke emva kwazo, ezifana ne-hydroponics (ukukhula kusetyenziswa amanzi njenge-substrate) okanye i-airoponics (ekhula usebenzisa umoya njenge-substrate).
Apho
Phakathi kweentlobo ezahluka - hlukileyo zokukhula kwamajelo eendaba, abalimi nabakhulayo basebenzisa ezi ntsuku, kunokubonwa ukuba iintsinga zecoconut zeqokobhe zisuke zixhaphake ngakumbi ngakumbi kwizityalo zasekhaya nezoshishino ze-cannabis. Imicu yecoconut ayisindi, inika amanzi amahle kunye nokubambelela komoya, iqulathe iintsholongwane ezilwa izinambuzane, zinika uthutho olukhululekile lwezondlo kwisityalo kwaye ziyaxhathisa ngokugqithisileyoumonakalo nokwakhiwa kwetyuwa. Xa kuthelekiswa neendawana ezisekelwe emhlabeni ziquka inyama eyahlulwe kwimithombo yendalo, ikoya yekhokhonathi inobuhlobo kunye ne-100% yezinto eziphilayo, oko kunikezelwa ngokupheleleyo emhlabeni kwaye ngoko kunika ulawulo olulungileyo kwinani lesichumiso isityalo sifumana. Atyebile neoksijini ukuya kuthi ga kumaxesha ali-100 xa kuthelekiswa ne substrates ezisekelwe emhlabeni.
Ububanzi
Ukususela kwiintlobo zeentlobo zeendaba ezikhula koonondaba, abalimi kunye nabakhulisi ekhaya abaziingcali basebenzisa ezi ntsuku, kunokubonwa ukuba iperile ibe yimveliso ethandwayo-ngakumbi kwizityalo zasekhaya nezoshishino ze-cannabis. Abalimi abaninzi basebenzisa ubonakala ngathi abongezelelekileyo ekutyeni okanye ukukhula ngeengxowa ezicocekileyo ngeengxowa ezahlukeneyo. Kwik chrum chrum chrum chrum chrum chrum chrum kwik chrum chrum chrum chrum chrum kwikiglasi. Eyenziwayo ekukhangeleni Ilava kunye namanzi olwandle. Ilula kwaye ilungele, igcina ixesha elininzi lomsebenzi, ivumela ukulima kwiindawo ezithintelwe ukuhamba kuzo. Iyaqinile kunomhlaba kwaye kungoko uvutha ingxinano yeziphakathi ezikhulayo, igcine ithambile, umoya nesikhanyisi. Oku kwenza kube lula kwisityalo ukuphuhlisa iingcambu nokufunxa amanzi nezichumiso, kodwa akulunganga konke. Ugalela ngoko ke kulula ukuyigcina ikwimeko ezilungileyo zokukhula. Siyakhululeka isifo, sikhusela isityalo kwiqondo lobushushu ngokugqithisileyo kwaye siyivumela ukuba sityebe iintsuku ezininzi zonyaka. Ukongeza-ivumela imanzi nasemva kokuba yomile.
Vermiculite
Iintlobo zeentlobo zokukhula kwamajelo eendaba, abalimi nabakhulisi beengcali basebenzisa kule mihla, kunokubonwauvermiculite waba ngumongezo oxhaphakileyo-ngakumbi phakathi kwabakhuli bekhaya cannabis. Ivermiculite liliwa lendalo elidumba kakhulu xa lifudumala, kwaye emva kwenkqubo yemveliso yinto eyongezelelweyo kakhulu kumajelo eendaba akhulayo. Isenzi severmiculite sisebenza njengesiponji sokwandisa ukubambelela kwamanzi kwentsimbi, idreyini kunye nesingenisi moya ngoko ke yenza kube lula ukuba isityalo siphuhlise iingcambu kwaye sifunxe amanzi nezichumiso. Isermiculite sikwasisikhululo esilungileyo "sokugcina idokisi" senzuzo yokuphila kwezidalwanana ezineendawana onazo - iyakuvumela ukuba indawo yokuseka iikholoni nokuphucula umgangatho womhlaba ngenxa yoko.
Inqwelana
Ii-Hydroponics lukhula kwizityalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umhlaba, kodwa kuphela kwisiseko samanzi nesichumiso esingamanzi ajikeleziswe kwinkqubo xa umhlabaamanzi atyebile Nge-Oksijini eza kuvumela akhuthaze uphuhliso lwengcambu olufanelekileyo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokukhula kwe-hydroponic okanye zemiqathango apho umahluko obonakala ngendlela amanzi anikezelwa ngayo, iindlela zokuqukuqela kwayo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezichumiso ziqukethe. Umgaqo siseko osisiseko okhokelela iimiqathango zokukhula kwe-hydroponic yinto enye: isisombululo esichanyiweyo ngokufanelekileyo neempawu zamachiza eziyimfuneko ukuvumela uphuhliso oluphilileyo lwesityalo, ngokukodwa inkqubo yeengcambu. Isisombululo sidla ngokuqhanyiswa ngesichumiso esingumfanekiso wolwelo okanye ngesichumiso se-aquaponic yaye siza kufakwa ngoncedo lweempompo zomoya.
Indawo
Umoya unomoya elatini, kwaye njengokuba igama lisitsho Moya ukukhulaizityalo zingenasiseko samanzi emhlabeni okanye kumanzi asisiqhelo njengoba sisiqhelo kwihydroponics-kodwa emoyeni, okanye ngaphezulu kwindawo emnyama, efumileyo. Isityalo singaxhonywa kumoya osembindini kwaye izondlo ziza kutshizwa ngamanzi. Kule ndlela zonke iindawo zoncedo lwesityalo olusuka kwioksijini, isichumiso, amanzi nezondlo ngendlela elinganayo. Ngaphandle kokuchaziweyo, iindlela zokukhula Komoya nazo zikulungele ukuba kuqalwe igadi kwaye zinikezela ngokhula okungacacanga okuza kusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwiindawo ezivalekileyo, kodwa ziyindlela ezibiza kakhulu ekukhuleni i-hydroponic ngaxeshanye. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho abavelisi abamise izibonelelo zokukhula Kwe-Moya be-Aroponic kwinkolelo ekhulayo kwaye basebenzisa ukuba bathengise i-cannabis yezokwelaphaiingulube zizigulane ehlabathini.
NFT: Nutrient Ubuchule Umboniso
I-NFT okanye Indlela Yesondlo yindlela yokukhula kwe-hydroponic apho izityalo zingenalo isiphakathi esikhulayo, kodwa zibekwa kwimijelo emincinci ngaphakathi kwimijelo egcwalisiweyo efakwe ngamanzi anezondlo. Iinduli zentlabathi zitsala izondlo namanzi acanda kuyo, kwaye nanjengeengcambu ziyaphuhla enzonzobila zize zibe nzulu emjelo zivumela ufikelelo ngokukhawuleza kwifilimu yesondlo. Indlela encedayo, icocekile, inceda ukugcina amaqondo obushushu angaguqukiyo kwindawo enengcambu nonikezelo lwe-oksijini nokutya kwizityalo. Ngaphandle kokusebenza okuluncedo, le ndlela ke inemiqolo: iingcambu zezityalo zidla ngokugcwalisa imijelo ngaphandle kokujongisisa okufanelekileyo imekoukuvaleka kweengcambu nokufa kwezityalo. Ngaphezu koko, izityalo kufuneka zizinze zizinze ngenxa yokungabi namagqabi.
LED
Xa ikhula cannabis okanye izityalo jikelele kwiindawo ezikhulayo ezingaboneleli kukhula ngokwaneleyo, abalimi abanoxanduva zikhetha ukufaka izibane ezikhulayo eziya kugqiba ukuba lilanga lanele, yaye omnye ukhetho olupheleleyo kule meko ukhokelwa sisibane. Izibane EZIKHOKELAYO ziquka iibhalbhu ezincinane ezikhupha uluhlu olulula olwahlukileyo - eziqhaganyishelwe emzimbeni opholileyo kunye nomnikezeli wamandla. Ukukhanya LED kukukhanya yindlela eyongayo eyongayo kunye nokusingqongileyo ekulungelelaniseni ukukhanya kwezityalo ezilawula ukukhanyisa ngokupheleleyo kwelanga kubulela ngempumelelo ukuya kukulungelelanisa nokuxhuma aiintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezisuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwaye zilawule umsebenzi wazo. Nangona i-spectrum kunye (ngokuthelekisana) iiprofayili ze-ecological zokukhanyisa kwe-LED, obu bugcisa alusoloko luphumelela ukuhambisa ubunzulu obaziwayo bokukhanyisa i-sodium ephezulu yokukhanyisa. Ukongeza, ukuthengwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezibane ZOKUKHANYISA zixabisa kakhulu zixabisa kancinci kuneenkonzo ezifanayo zezibane ZE-HPS.
HPS
Xa ikhula cannabis okanye izityalo jikelele kwiindawo ezikhulayo ezingaboneleli ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo, abalimi abanoxanduva zikhetha ukufaka izibane ezikhulayo eziya kugqiba ukuba lilanga lanele, yaye omnye ukhetho olululo kule meko luxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-sodium okanye nge-HPS. Izibane ZEHP zidlaiquka izindlu ezinzima ezilayishelwa ukuzinzisa inqanawa ngezidanyazi, ibhalbhu kwakunye nesibonelelo samandla. Iibhalbhu zinoxinzelelo oluphakamileyo lwegesi yesodium ebanjwe ngaphakathi yaye xa umsinga wombane udlula iziqulatho zivelisa izibane kwimithunzi ezithile ezilungele ukukhula okanye ukudubula iintyatyambo. Iibhalbhu zisebenzisa umbane omninzi ukuzijika, kwaye ukongeza kuphulukana namandla azo nokudingeka kuthathelwe indawo zakuba rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, kodwa izindlu zebhalbhu nezokudadisa zingabamba amashumi eminyaka.
Udidi
I-genotype sisiphumo sofuzo esililifa kwisizukulwana esinye ukuya kwelandelayo - oko kukuthi, imbali yofuzo yonke yomgca othile. I-genotype ine-pool of genes, kwaye i-gene nganye ineempawu ezi-2, enye yazo iza kuboniswa KWI-DNA yento leyo. Ngenxaukungakhetheki ekukhetheni iimpawu, imbewu nganye inabantakwana abanjengabo abatshatileyo, nkqu nokuba basekhaya elifanayo okanye usapho olunye. I-genotype yezinto eziphilayo ibonisa indalo eya kukhula kuyo, kodwa iimpawu zobume zingaphembelela nokuthinteka kweziphene ezithile zofuzo kwi-genotype nokudala into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-phenotype. Kwimeko yezityalo, uhlobo lunazo zonke iinkcukacha zemfuza efana nokubonakala, umphunga, iintanda, iintyantyambo kunye namakhono okuqhola, ukuxhathisa kwizifo kunye nezidalwa ezitshabalalisa izityalo nangaphezulu. Kwimeko yezityalo ze-cannabis, uhlobo luyakuchaza ukuba isakhono sesityalo sokwenza i-cannabinids, i-terpenes, i-flavores kunye ne-steroids kunye neevithamini ngoko ke ukwenza umphumela wezokwelapha nokuxhamla amandla nganye. Ngenxa yesisizathu cannabisabalimi bakhetha iintlobo hybridize ukwenza genotypes abazizityebi ukufumana kubo phenotypes ngqo ukuba baya ufuna ukukhula.
Uhlobo
Uhlobo lwefenotype yesiphumo sofuzo esichazwa KWI-DNA yento ephilayo, kuquka nenkanabhis. Oko kukuthi, kwazo zonke iimpawu zefuzwa zodwa eziphatha iijenali ngohlobo lwazo kuzo zonke izizukulwana zangaphambili, uhlobo lwengqiqo ebonakalisa isiphumo sazo zonke ezonyuliweyo. Ngokungafani neligama "uxinzelelo" oludibanisa iimpawu ezifanayo ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-genotypes eziliqela ngaphandle kwemfuza kwimfuza yemfuza, olu hlobo luchaza iphrofayili yofuzo epheleleyo noluchanekileyo oluza kugcinwa luphinde libonakaliswe kwakhona xa ithe yathathelwa ingqalelo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo zokuhlala. Oko ke, ukuba sithatha izityalo ezimbini ezifanayooludidi alukho mfuneko ukubona ivumba okanye intyatyambo ngokufanayo. Izityalo ezimbini zohlobo olunye ziya kwenza njalo. Kwangelixesha linye, uhlobo lwefenotype lukhutshwa ngokwemeko kokusingqongileyo kwaye nelangaphambili, ngokusebenzisana kwangoku kunye nexesha elizayo LWEDNA kunye nendawo ephila kuyo izinto eziphilayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inguqu kwiimeko zokuphila zingachaphazela imbonakalo yofuzo yesikhumba, kubume bazo nempembelelo kwizintlobo-ntlobo ezilandela oko.
I-Cannabis Strain
I-cannabis strain ligama elidibanisa intetho ethile (edla ngokugcwaliswa) yombala, imilo, i-aroma, incasa, impembelelo eqaphelekayo, okanye ezinye iimpawu kwi-nickname eza kunceda ukuchonga ukuba uluvo kwixesha elizayo, kwaye lwahlule iinjongo zentengiso okanye i-hybridization ngeobunye ubunzima. Igama "uxinzelelo" alimele ukuba nentsingiselo yofuzo yokwenene; kungenzeka ukuba iimfuza ezimbini ezahlukileyo zibonise amagama afana nawo kwaye kungenzeka ukuba iintlobo ezimbini ezifanayo eziya kubonisa iimpawu ezahlukileyo, kodwa le yindlela yecandelo esanceda ushishino lwecanabis, izigulane kunye nabathengi kwimephu" imveliso ababeyithenga. Iintsinga ze-Cannabis zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: Iindawo Zemihlaba ezine-cannabis ezibambe ngokwendalo kwindalo, kunye ne-hybrid strains edalwe kwi-hybridization okanye ekuphuculweni kwemfuza ukuze ziqhelanise nendawo yokukhula okanye uncedo lwe-express kunye neempawu ezinqwenelekayo.
