Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ze-cannabis ngeenjongo zonyango nezolonwabo umhla wamawaka eminyaka, kodwa zange kwade kwango1940 ukuba i-cannabinoid compounds ngokwazo zakhutshwa kwizityalo ezikwimo yazo ecocekileyo. Isithako esiyinhloko esisebenzayo kwizityalo, idelta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), yafunyanwa kwi-1960s, kwaye i-receptor yokuqala ye-cannabinoid yafunyanwa kuphela kwi-1980s. emva koko kwavezwa ukuba compounds efana nesityalo cannabinoids, ebizwa ngokuba yi-endocannabinoids, ziveliswe ebantwini.
Indima enokubakho ye-cannabinoids kunyango lomhlaza?
Akukho zingxabano ezithi i-cannabinoids zinika umdla kakhulu iimolekyuli ezixabisa kakhulu ukuhlolwa ngokokwazi kwazo ukuba nefuthe elihle ekulweni nomhlaza (kwaye ngokwenene, inginginya yabanyeizifo).
Iziphumo ezilwa nomhlaza ezinokubakho ze-cannabinoids zaphandwa kuqala ngeminyaka yoo-1970, kwaye kwapapashwa amakhulu ezifundo ukususela ngoko. Eyona nkxalabo iphambili yeyokuba akukho kuphononongo oluye lwenziwa malunga namandla okunyanga umhlaza we-cannabinoids aye aqhutywa njengezilingo zekliniki, oko kukuthi awenziwa ngabantu kodwa kwiiseli eziphucukileyo zelebhu okanye kwizilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo. Kwaye oku kuyingxaki kuba nokokuba ngaba ikhomponi ibonisa iziphumo zomhlaza ezichasene nomhlaza kwityhubhu yovavanyo okanye nakulebhu akuthethi kuthi ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba iza kusebenza ngendlela enye emzimbeni womntu.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba xa umlinganiselo wezinto ezithile ezivavanywayo okanye iziyobisi uza kuvela ethembisa ngethuba elebhu okanye elebhuuvavanyo - olwaziwa ngokuba" preclinical " sigaba-manani, olu phando uthembisa kwangethuba lunokuthi lutshitshiswe, njengoko kuphela malunga ne-5% yeziyobisi ezinokwenzeka ezivavanywa ngokwenene ziya kufikelela kuyo yonke into ebalulekileyo "kwisigaba sokuxilongwa sekliniki". Yaye mandundu nangoku abo bavunyiweyo, ngaphantsi kwe-8% yalo 5% iya kubhaliselwa ukusetyenziswa ngokusesikweni kunyango lomhlaza. Ngamanye amazwi, naliphi na iyeza elinokwenzeka okanye into ekufuneka isetyenziswe kunyango lomhlaza olwa nomhlaza linethuba elingu-0.4% kuphela elivunyiweyo njengesiyobisi somhlaza esisemthethweni. Uphando kunye nezilingo zekliniki zinexabiso elide kwaye zinexabiso elikhulu, kwaye ziphanda zibe yi-cannabis, ngokukodwa, zitshatiswe ngumbutho walo ongathandekiyo, kwaye zimbalwa kakhulu iinkampani zeziyobisi bazimisele ukwenza iindleko okanye izixhobo zokusebenzaulingo lwezonyango olupheleleyo.
Yiyiphi imifuniselo yolebhu nezilwanyana eyenziwa nge-cannabinoids ukuza kuthi ga ngoku?
Malunga nemiphumo ye-cannabinoids yendalo neyenziweyo kwiiseli zomhlaza, iimvavanyo zelebhu ziye zaveza oku kulandelayo:
- I-Cannabinoids ivusa inkqubo yokufa kweseli ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yoku apoptosis
- Zivimbela ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwe-cell
- Zivimbela inkqubo yokudibanisa nokwakheka kwemithambo yegazi entsha ibe ngamathumba
- Zinciphisa ukuthambekela kwamaseli omdlavuza ku-metastasise, ie: zivimbela amaseli omdlavuza ekusakazeni futhi enze ithumba lesibilixa iiseli ezitshiwayo zikhutshwa kwithumba lokuqala zize zisasazwe kuwo wonke umzimba
- Bayakhawulezisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-autophagy, ethi xa ithe yasebenza ixesha elide ingakhokelela ekubeni ife ngeeseli zomhlaza
Kubalulekile ukugxininisa kwakhona ukuba zonke zaziqwalaselwe ngexesha lovavanyo lwelebhu olwenziwa kwiinkcubeko zeseli.
Ezi ziphumo zingentla zicingelwa ukuba zenziwa kukubopha ama-cannabinoids KWI-CB1 ne-CB2 receptors emzimbeni. Elebhu kunye novavanyo lwezilwanyana, iziphumo ezigqwesileyo kumhla ziye zafunyanwa ngokudibanisa ITHC ehlanjululwe kakhulu kunye cannabidiol (CBD). I-CBD ifumaneka nakwizityalo ze-cannabis, kodwa ayinayo ifuthe lengqondo efana NE-THC kwaye iphungula ifuthe le-psychoactive OF THC. Zokwenziwai-cannabinoids, njenge-JH-133, ikwabonise iziphumo ezihle, kodwa kwakhona, kwi-laboratory and animal experiments.
Enye indlela yacinga ukuba ingathembisa ngakumbi kunale ingasentla indibanisela enokubakho ye-cannabinoids kunye nee-arhente ezahlukeneyo ze-chemotherapeutic, ezifana ne-gemcitabine okanye i-temozolomide.
Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwa nge-cannabinoids?
Isithembiso sazo naziphi na iziphumo zomhlaza ezilwa nomhlaza we-cannabinoids singaqondwa kuphela xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwezonyango olufanelekileyo. Okwangoku kwenziwa uvavanyo lweklinikhi olunye kuphela.
Ulingo lokuqala lwekliniki lwakhokelwa Espain Ngu Manuel Guzman, Unjingalwazi We-Biochemistry Kunye Ne-Biology Yemolekyuli Kwi-Complutense University Of Madrid. Nangona kunjalo, ityala lalingelulo uhlobo lwalo; uphononongo lubandakanya isithobaabantu, bonke labo ababehamba phambili, esigabeni sokuphela, amathumba engqondo anamandla kakhulu aziwa ngokuthi yi-glioblastoma multiform. Iziguli zanikwa isixazululo esiphezulu SE-THC ngqo ngesikebhe esivulekile, sisebenzisa ikhathethi, ezindaweni okususwe kuzo amathumba ngaphambili. Kule nto, bekuthemba ukuba isisombululo siza kubulala umphelo weseli yamaqhuma aseleyo emva kotyando. Kodwa ke kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba olu lofakelo " lunqabile kakhulu ukuba lusetyenziswe naluphi na uhlobo lonyango kuba luyahlasela-ukuvula i-skull kwandisa umngcipheko wosuleleko - kwaye luyaphumelela kwiimeko ezimbalwa kakhulu.
Izigulana ezisibhozo ziye zaphendula iimpendulo ezintle, kwaza kwimeko enye kuphela kwakungekho zinguqu. Ngelishwa,noxa kunjalo, zonke izigulana zife kwisithuba sonyaka njengoko kulindelwe elolu hlobo lwenkqubela phambili noludlamkileyo.
Olu nyango lwaluthathwa lukhuselekile kwaye kwakungekho ziphumo zingalindelekanga zichaziweyo. Ngoko, ngaphandle kweqela lolawulo, akunakwenzeka ukuqukumbela okokuba ukunyuka kwexesha lokusinda ngenene kwabangelwa YI THC okanye hayi. Nangona oku, iziphumo zazibonakala zihle ngokwaneleyo ukuba Uphando Lomhlaza UK luchaze ukuba kufanelekile ukuba kwenziwe olunye uvavanyo lweklinikhi kunye ne-cannabinoids.
Eminye imibuzo enomdla
Ngexesha lokubhala, ngenxa yokungabikho kovavanyo lwezonyango, akukacaci ukuba yeyiphi imichiza ye-cannabinoid ekufaneleke kakhulu ukuba isetyenziswe nomhlaza. Kukho umbuzo wokuba ungaseka njani umlinganiselo osebenzayo, kunye neqhoshaumbuzo yeyiphi iindidi zomhlaza ezinokunyangwa ezinokunyangwa nge-cannabinoids.
Enye ingxaki enkulu yenye yezona ndlela zokunikezela i-cannabinoids ngqo kumathumba. Ezi ndawo azikho ncam emanzini, ngoko ke azifunxi kude ngokwaneleyo izihlunu zabantu ukuze zibe nokusebenza njengoko zinako. Ngenxa yoko, oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu koogqirha abaziingcali zotyando ukuze bafumane izinto ezinzulu ngokwaneleyo kumathumba ngokwawo, ngoko ke, iindlela zokuzingenela egazini kwinyuke ngokwaneleyo ukuze ube nesiphumo somhlaza esisebenzayo nesilwa nomhlaza..
Akukaziwa ukuthi ama-cannabinoids emzimbeni womuntu azokwenyusa noma, ngokuphambene, awathokozi imiphumela yezidakamizwa ze-chemotherapeutic. Azikho izinto eziphilayo ezaziwayo ezinokusetyenziswa ukuqikelela ukuba ngubani nauncedo kwi-cannabinoids nakuphi na ukungabinalo ifuthe.
Ingaba i-cannabinoids idlala indima yokunyanga iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zomhlaza kunye / okanye unyango lomhlaza olufana ne-chemo okanye i-radiotherapy?
Ziliqela iimvavanyo eziliqela zonyango olukhangeleka ukudambisa isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza okubangelwa ziintlungu ezigqithisileyo kunye nonyango lokubulala iintsholongwane kwakunye nonyango lwe-cachexia kunye ne-anorexia kwizigulana ezinomhlaza.
Iziphumo ezininzi ezithembisayo zafunyanwa kwezi zifundo. Umzekelo, unyango lwe-chemotherapy-i-nausea kunye nokuhlanza ifundwe ukususela kwi-1980 kunye ne-cannabinoid compounds i-dronabinol kunye ne-nabilone. Noxa kunjalo, amayeza anempumelelo ayafumaneka ngoku kugqirha. Ngoko ke, i-cannabinoids ingayidlala indima ebalulekileyo xa la mayeza engakwazi ukusetyenziswa okanye anyamezeleke sisigulanangenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu.
Enetherlands, i-cannabis isetyenziswa ngononophelo lwepalliative ukudambisa iintlungu nokudambisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezingathandekiyo. I-cannabis yezokwelapha iyatholakala neziguli ezinesifo somdlavuza kwamanye amazwe E-United States. Ukuze kuphunyezwe umthamo ochanekileyo, la malungiselelo athengiswa ngohlobo olunokutshizwa emlonyeni.
I-UK ngoku iqhuba izilingo zekliniki ezininzi zesigulane kuphanda iziphumo ze-analgesic zenye yezitshizi zomlomo (I-Sativex) eziqulethe I-THC ecocekileyo KUNYE NE-CBD kwizigulane ezingakhange ziboniswe ukuba zisebenza.
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